Topics relating to Litigation | St. Petersburg, FL https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/tag/litigation/ St Petersburg's Oldest Full Service Law Firm Wed, 30 Jul 2025 21:15:54 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/wp-content/uploads/favicon-150x150.png Topics relating to Litigation | St. Petersburg, FL https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/tag/litigation/ 32 32 New Law Will Mean Greater Defenses to BUI Charges in Florida https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/new-law-will-mean-greater-defenses-to-bui-charges-in-florida/ Wed, 30 Jul 2025 20:28:03 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21572 Starting July 1, 2025, Florida’s Boater Freedom Act limits law enforcement stops, reducing BUI and related arrests.

The post New Law Will Mean Greater Defenses to BUI Charges in Florida appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Updated July 30, 2025 by Ranger Jackson On July 1, 2025, Florida’s boating laws underwent significant changes. Governor Ron DeSantis recently signed theBoater Freedom Act (SB 1388) into law, introducing measures that limit when law enforcement can stop or board a vessel. Consequently, this will lead to fewer arrests for boating under the influence (BUI) and related offenses. As Florida criminal defense attorneys, we believe it’s essential for boaters in our community to understand how this law protects their rights and how it might affect any criminal case arising from a stop on the water.

What Is the Boater Freedom Act?

The Boater Freedom Act aims to reduce government overreach on Florida’s waterways. It achieves this by restricting random stops and searches on boats and limiting certain enforcement powers previously exercised by law enforcement agencies like the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Here are the key changes under SB 1388:

Probable Cause Requirement for Stops

Law enforcement officers must now have probable cause to stop or board a vessel for safety or sanitation inspections. Previously, they could conduct these inspections without any suspicion of a violation.

Safety Equipment Violations Are Now Secondary Offenses

Boaters can no longer be stopped solely to inspect safety equipment like life jackets or whistles. Officers must have another legal reason to stop your boat before they can cite you for missing safety gear.

Florida Freedom Boater Decal

Boaters can voluntarily obtain a new inspection decal when registering their vessel. This decal indicates that your boat passed a safety inspection and may reduce the likelihood of future stops.

Ban on Local Gas-Powered Vessel Restrictions

The law also prevents local governments from banning gas-powered boats, ensuring that boaters can continue using traditional motors across all of Florida’s public waterways. For more details, you can read the full bill text on the Florida Senate website.

Why This Law Matters for Florida Boaters

In Florida, boating is more than just recreation—it’s a way of life. From St. Petersburg to Tampa, locals and tourists enjoy our waterways year-round. However, until now, random stops have been a frequent and often frustrating experience for many law-abiding boaters. This law brings about real changes:

Fewer Random Boardings

Previously, boaters could be stopped at any time for random checks. Now, unless law enforcement observes or suspects something illegal, they must allow you to proceed without interruption.

More Predictable Enforcement

Boaters no longer have to worry about being cited for minor infractions during a random stop. This means less stress on the water and a greater focus on actual boating safety.

Peace of Mind with the New Decal

Participating in the “Florida Freedom Boater” program signals to officers that your vessel has already passed inspection, which may lead to quicker and more respectful interactions. These changes shift the power balance slightly back in favor of boaters, without compromising the safety and integrity of Florida’s waterways.

How This Law Impacts BUI Charges

Boating Under the Influence (BUI) is a serious offense in Florida, carrying penalties similar to DUI, including jail time, fines, and even loss of boating privileges. However, with this new law in place, the number of BUI arrests may decrease, not necessarily because fewer people are drinking and boating, but because officers now need valid legal reasons to initiate stops. Here’s why this matters:

Unlawful Stops Can Be Challenged

If law enforcement didn’t have probable cause to stop you, any evidence gathered—including field sobriety tests or breathalyzer results—could be deemed inadmissible in court.

Safety Checks Can’t Be Used as a Pretext

Officers can no longer pull you over just to check your fire extinguisher and then escalate to a BUI charge. That’s no longer a legal justification for initiating a stop.

New Legal Defenses Become Available

Our Florida criminal defense attorneys are already examining how the Boater Freedom Act can be utilized to challenge charges, suppress evidence, or even get cases dismissed entirely. Ultimately, if the stop itself is found to be illegal, your entire case could be compromised.

What Does “Probable Cause” Mean on the Water?

This new law hinges on a very important concept: probable cause. But what does that actually mean in a boating context? Probable cause refers to a reasonable belief, based on observable facts, that a law has been broken. For officers to stop your vessel now, they need to:
  • Witness reckless operation (e.g., speeding, wake zone violations)
  • Observe open containers or other signs of intoxication
  • See evidence of fishing without a license or violating catch limits
  • Respond to complaints or tips involving criminal behavior
Simply being on the water—or operating at night—isn’t sufficient. This requirement establishes a much-needed legal barrier that protects boaters from harassment or unnecessary escalation.

The Role of the “Florida Freedom Boater” Decal

The voluntary decal program is a smart move for responsible boaters. While it doesn’t grant immunity from stops, it signals to officers that your boat has already passed a safety inspection. Benefits of the decal include:
  • Reducing the likelihood of safety-based stops
  • Demonstrating proactive compliance with state rules
  • Potentially supporting your defense if cited or arrested
This decal can be obtained when you register or renew your vessel with your local county tax collector. It’s valid for 1–5 years, depending on the issuing authority. For more information on boating safety rules, visit the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

What You Should Do If You’re Stopped

Even under the new law, being stopped by law enforcement can be stressful. Knowing your rights—and how to respond—can make a significant difference. Here are some simple tips:
  • Remain calm and respectful
  • Ask the officer why you’re being stopped
  • Don’t volunteer information beyond what’s required
  • Never consent to a search unless legally required
  • Contact an attorney as soon as possible if cited or arrested
Remember, you always have the right to legal representation. Exercise it.

Why Expert Legal Guidance Matters

Navigating boating laws in Florida is complex—even for seasoned boaters. However, for those facing criminal charges, it’s not just about rules; it’s about protecting your record, your finances, and your freedom. Here’s why working with a Florida criminal defense attorney is essential:

We Know the Law Inside and Out

Our lawyers stay up to date on all legislative changes and understand how they affect criminal cases.

We Spot Violations in Procedure

If law enforcement made a mistake, we’ll identify it and use it to strengthen your defense.

We Handle These Cases Regularly

BUI charges aren’t identical to DUI charges; they require different approaches. We know what strategies are effective.

We’re Local

We’ve built relationships within the Florida court system and understand how to present cases effectively to local judges and prosecutors. Without skilled legal assistance, even minor boating charges can escalate into long-term problems. We’re here to ensure that doesn’t happen.

What Our Attorneys Can Do for You

If you’re facing a BUI, reckless operation, or another boating-related charge in Florida, the legality of the stop may be your strongest defense. Our Florida criminal defense attorneys can:
  • Review the entire stop from start to finish
  • Challenge any unlawful searches or evidence
  • Utilize SB 1388 to raise new constitutional defenses
  • Negotiate to reduce or dismiss charges
  • Represent you in court if necessary
We understand that boating arrests often stem from simple misunderstandings or overreaching enforcement. We’re here to ensure your rights are upheld and your freedom protected. Learn more about our boating under the influence defense services.

Contact Us for a Free Consultation

If you’ve been arrested or cited on the water, don’t wait. Our Florida criminal defense attorneys have decades of experience handling BUI, boating violations, and complex criminal cases throughout Florida. We’ve defended hundreds of boaters and know how to use the Boater Freedom Act to your advantage. Whether you’re being investigated or already facing charges, we’re ready to help. With us, you get:
  • A free consultation to review your case
  • Personal attention and a tailored defense strategy
  • Clear communication every step of the way
  • A strong legal advocate who knows Florida law
Contact us today to schedule your free consultation. Let us help you protect your record, your rights, and your time on the water.

The post New Law Will Mean Greater Defenses to BUI Charges in Florida appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Secured 110% Recovery for Commercial Landlord Against National Retailer https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/secured-110-recovery-for-commercial-landlord-against-national-retailer/ Wed, 30 Jul 2025 15:59:34 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=22268 Our litigation team successfully secured a recovery of 110% of the disputed amount in a highly contested commercial landlord-tenant dispute involving a major national retailer. By pressing forward to trial, we were able to apply pressure on the tenant retailer and ultimately recover the entirety of the disputed amount owed and attorney’s fees and costs. […]

The post Secured 110% Recovery for Commercial Landlord Against National Retailer appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Our litigation team successfully secured a recovery of 110% of the disputed amount in a highly contested commercial landlord-tenant dispute involving a major national retailer.

By pressing forward to trial, we were able to apply pressure on the tenant retailer and ultimately recover the entirety of the disputed amount owed and attorney’s fees and costs. All this without our client having to endure a trial or extended attorney fee litigation.

The post Secured 110% Recovery for Commercial Landlord Against National Retailer appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
You Can Now Go to Jail for Speeding in Florida https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/you-can-now-go-to-jail-for-speeding-in-florida/ Fri, 25 Jul 2025 20:02:56 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=22256 Starting July 2025, Florida's new speeding law makes excessive speeding a crime. Learn the penalties, risks, and how to protect your record.

The post You Can Now Go to Jail for Speeding in Florida appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Florida’s roads will soon be safer with new legislation targeting dangerous drivers. Starting July 1, 2025, House Bill 351 will make excessive speeding a criminal offense instead of a civil violation.

This change responds to a surge in high-speed accidents on Florida highways. Drivers caught going 50+ mph over the limit or exceeding 100 mph will face jail time and permanent criminal records.

These strict measures aim to protect communities and change driver behavior. At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., we support these life-saving changes while ensuring fair legal representation for accused drivers.

Background and Need for Stricter Speeding Laws in Florida

Florida’s roads have grown more dangerous due to excessive speeding, with extreme speeding causing 10% of traffic fatalities from 2019 to 2023 and claiming hundreds of lives annually. In January 2025, Orange County deputies cited 101 drivers for exceeding 100 mph, underscoring an urgent need for legislative action.

The December 2024 death of 19-year-old Anthony Reznick, killed by a driver going 127 mph in a 45-mph zone, became a catalyst for public outrage and calls for change.

Regarding HB 351, Hollywood Sen. Jason Pizzo underscored the recklessness of excessive speed, stating:

“You can’t go ahead and pass somebody at 100 miles an hour or in excess (of that) and think that that’s not dangerous and excessive speeding.”

Overview of House Bill 351 and New Definitions of Excessive Speeding

House Bill 351 marks a major shift in Florida’s handling of dangerous driving. It gives law enforcement time to prepare and educate the public.

The bill introduces “dangerous excessive speeding,” making it a criminal offense to:

  • Drive 50+ mph over the speed limit
  • Drive over 100 mph, regardless of the limit

Previously, a civil infraction with fines and points. Now, HB 351 makes extreme speeding a second-degree misdemeanor. This aligns Florida with states like Virginia and Georgia, which already criminalize such offenses. The bill provides law enforcement with clear guidelines by establishing specific speed thresholds for issuing criminal charges.

Key Changes Under the New Florida Speeding Law

Florida’s new speeding law marks a dramatic shift in how the state handles excessive speeding cases. The previous system of civil penalties has been replaced with serious criminal consequences.

Drivers caught speeding excessively now face second-degree misdemeanor charges instead of simple traffic citations. This change requires mandatory court appearances for all violations, with no exceptions.

The new tiered penalty system includes:

  • First Offense: Up to 30 days in jail, $500 fine, permanent criminal record, and 6 points on driving record
  • Second Offense (within 5 years): Up to 90 days in jail, $1,000 fine, license revocation (180 days to 1 year), and 12 points on driving record

Enforcement and Legal Procedures under the New Law

Law enforcement officers across Florida have received specialized training to handle criminal-level speeding violations. This training includes advanced speed detection techniques, proper documentation procedures, and standardized protocols for processing these serious offenses.

The new law establishes clear-cut guidelines for police officers:

  • Mandatory video recording of all excessive speeding stops
  • Immediate license confiscation for speeds exceeding 100 mph
  • Required documentation of weather and road conditions
  • Standardized field sobriety testing for suspected impaired drivers

Police departments have implemented a zero-tolerance policy for excessive speeding. Officers must now follow strict evidence collection protocols, including:

  • Multiple radar or lidar speed readings
  • Dashboard camera footage preservation
  • Detailed incident reports with specific speed measurements
  • Photographic evidence of speed detection equipment calibration

The court process requires defendants to appear before a judge within 30 days of the citation. During these mandatory court appearances, prosecutors present evidence packages containing:

  • Speed detection device certification records
  • Officer training credentials
  • Complete traffic stop documentation
  • Weather and road condition reports

Judges now have specific sentencing guidelines based on exact speed measurements and prior driving records. Each case receives individual review, with courts examining both aggravating and mitigating circumstances.

How the New Speeding Law Will Affect Your Defense Options

This new law’s procedures can also have an effect on how criminal defense attorneys can handle your defense. Under the previous regulations, speeding violations were typically categorized as minor infractions, often resolved through plea deals or simple traffic court appearances. However, with the reclassification of excessive speeding as a second-degree misdemeanor, the defense strategies must evolve accordingly.

Key Changes in Defense Strategy:

  • Court Appearances: As mentioned, all individuals charged with excessive speeding are required to make mandatory court appearances. This eliminates the option for attorneys to settle cases quickly through negotiation without client presence.
  • Increased Evidence Requirements: With stricter penalties, defense attorneys must meticulously scrutinize the evidence presented by law enforcement. This includes examining video recordings of the stop, assessing speed detection methods used, and ensuring all procedural protocols were followed correctly.
  • License Confiscation Protocols: Immediate license confiscation changes how attorneys plan for interim driving privileges. Defense strategies will need to incorporate petitions for temporary licenses and navigate complex administrative hearings.

Enhanced Defense Tactics:

  • Challenging Video Evidence: Attorneys can focus on disputing the accuracy and clarity of mandatory video recordings. Any discrepancies in footage can be pivotal in undermining the prosecution’s case.
  • Evaluating Speed Detection Techniques: Advanced speed detection techniques used by officers need rigorous evaluation. Defense teams might employ expert witnesses to challenge the reliability and calibration of these devices.
  • Procedural Errors: Identifying any procedural missteps during documentation or processing can be crucial. These errors could form the basis for motions to dismiss or reduce charges.

Therefore, it’s clear why hiring a Florida speeding defense attorney who understands how to leverage these tactics is essential.

Consequences Beyond Legal Penalties: Insurance and Civil Liability

A criminal speeding conviction immediately affects your insurance coverage. Insurance companies view excessive speeding as high-risk behavior, often triggering premium increases of 25-40% for up to five years.

The financial impact extends beyond premium hikes:

  • Insurance carriers may classify you as a “high-risk driver”
  • Some companies might deny coverage renewal
  • You could lose safe driver discounts
  • Multiple violations risk policy cancellation

Driver’s Licenses

The law’s impact on driver’s licenses is equally severe. Points from excessive speeding stack with other violations, potentially triggering automatic suspensions. Commercial drivers risk losing their CDL credentials, directly affecting their livelihood.

Civil Liability

Civil liability presents another serious concern. Drivers convicted of excessive speeding face heightened legal exposure in accident cases. Florida courts often view speeding criminal records as evidence of negligent behavior, strengthening plaintiffs’ claims for damages.

A speeding conviction can affect civil lawsuits in several ways:

  • Plaintiffs can use the criminal conviction as proof of negligence
  • Courts may award higher damages due to reckless conduct
  • Personal assets become vulnerable to judgment claims
  • Legal defense costs increase significantly

These consequences create a ripple effect through your financial life. A single excessive speeding incident can lead to years of increased costs, limited insurance options, and potential civil liability exposure.

Legal and Personal Implications of a Criminal Conviction under the New Law

A criminal conviction for excessive speeding in Florida creates lasting consequences that extend far beyond the courtroom. A permanent criminal record can derail career opportunities, as many employers conduct background checks during their hiring process.

Impact on Professional Licensing

Professional licensing boards take a strict stance on criminal convictions. Doctors, nurses, teachers, and other licensed professionals might face disciplinary actions or license suspension. Real estate agents and financial advisors could lose their certifications entirely.

Immigration Consequences

The impact on immigration status can be severe:

  • Risk of visa denial or renewal rejection
  • Potential deportation proceedings
  • Delayed naturalization process
  • Travel restrictions to certain countries

Insurance Ramifications

As you now know, insurance companies view criminal speeding convictions as high-risk behavior:

  • Premium increases up to 300%
  • Limited coverage options
  • Required high-risk insurance filing
  • Multi-year rate penalties

Financial Burden

The financial strain doesn’t stop at insurance costs. Background check fees, court-mandated defensive driving courses, and potential job losses create a significant economic burden. Some individuals face challenges securing housing or obtaining loans due to their criminal record.

These consequences highlight why treating an excessive speeding charge as a minor inconvenience can be a costly mistake. The new law’s criminal classification transforms a traffic violation into a serious legal matter with life-altering repercussions.

Why Expert Guidance from an Attorney Matters Under the New Florida Speeding Law

Florida’s new speeding law introduces tougher penalties and more complex legal processes. Skilled legal representation is essential. Our attorneys know how to identify technical issues — from radar calibration errors to flawed traffic stop documentation — that can lead to reduced charges or even dismissal.

We focus on protecting your rights through every stage of the case. Our team provides:

  • Careful preparation and organization of evidence.
  • Clear, persuasive presentation in court.
  • Targeted challenges to speed detection tools and procedures.
  • Coordination of witnesses and expert testimony.
  • Strategic negotiation with prosecutors to pursue the best outcome.

Every case has unique facts. We examine details like road conditions, construction zones, and emergencies that may justify or explain speed. Our deep knowledge of local judges and court procedures helps us build defenses that align with courtroom expectations and give clients the strongest chance for success.

Contact Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid P.A. for Experienced Legal Representation

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid P.A., we’ve been defending drivers in St. Petersburg and across Florida since 1958. Our firm has earned a reputation for integrity, skill, and results. We understand how stressful a criminal speeding charge can be, and we’re here to guide you through it.

When you work with us, you’ll get:

  • More than 65 years of legal experience.
  • A dedicated team focused on traffic and criminal defense.
  • Customized strategies built around your situation.
  • Clear, consistent communication from start to finish.
  • A free, confidential initial consultation to review your case.

Don’t face these serious charges alone. Contact us today to schedule your consultation. Let our experienced attorneys help protect your record, your license, and your future.

The post You Can Now Go to Jail for Speeding in Florida appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Florida Now Requires 100k of Insurance for Dangerous Dogs https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/florida-now-requires-100k-of-insurance-for-dangerous-dogs/ Tue, 24 Jun 2025 19:18:12 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21827 Florida's new law requires the owners of dangerous dogs to carry liability insurance of at least $1000,000.

The post Florida Now Requires 100k of Insurance for Dangerous Dogs appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Florida’s new law requires the owners of dangerous dogs to carry liability insurance of at least $1000,000. On July 1, 2025 Florida Statute 767.11 goes into effect. This law should help victims of dog bites in Florida recover compensation that was hard to collect previously.

What Qualifies a Dog as Dangerous?

A dangerous dog classification applies to animals that have:

  • Attacked or injured people without provocation
  • Killed or severely injured other domestic animals
  • Aggressively charged at people in public spaces
  • Displayed threatening behavior while off the owner’s property

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Non-compliance with these insurance requirements can result in:

  • Substantial fines up to $500
  • Mandatory surrender of the dog
  • Criminal charges in severe cases
  • Legal liability for any damages or injuries

As Florida dog bite attorneys, we’ve seen the devastating impact of dangerous dog attacks. This new law creates a vital safety net for victims while ensuring responsible ownership practices.

Understanding the New Florida Law on Dangerous Dogs

Florida’s new dangerous dog law brings strict requirements for pet owners. Under Florida Statute 767.11, owners must now carry liability insurance with specific coverage amounts.

Key Provisions of the Law

The law has two main components: insurance requirements and confinement regulations.

1. Insurance Requirements

The law mandates a minimum $100,000 liability insurance policy for dangerous dogs. This coverage protects both the owner and potential victims in case of incidents or attacks.

2. Confinement Regulations

Dangerous dog owners face strict confinement rules:

  • Dogs must be kept in secure enclosures when on private property
  • Proper warning signs must be posted at all entry points
  • Muzzles and strong leashes are required during public outings
  • Dogs cannot be taken off-property without direct owner supervision

Secure Enclosure Standards

The secure enclosure requirements include:

  • Double-door entry systems
  • Concrete floors or secured bottom fencing
  • Locks on all gates and doors
  • Minimum height requirements for fencing
  • Proper roof or top covering to prevent escape

Purpose of the Law

These physical restraint measures work alongside the insurance requirements to create a comprehensive safety system. The law aims to protect public safety while allowing responsible ownership of dogs classified as dangerous.

Compliance Monitoring

Local animal control officers conduct regular inspections to ensure compliance with both insurance and confinement requirements. Owners must provide proof of current insurance coverage during these checks.

Definition and Handling of Dangerous Dogs

Florida law sets specific criteria to classify a dog as dangerous. A dog receives this designation if it has:

  • Aggressively attacked or inflicted severe injury on a person
  • Killed or severely injured another domestic animal on two or more occasions
  • Chased or approached people in a menacing fashion when unprovoked
  • Been used primarily for dog fighting

When a dog meets these criteria, local animal control authorities initiate a thorough investigation. The process includes:

  • Documentation of the incident through witness statements
  • Review of medical records related to injuries
  • Evaluation of the dog’s behavior by certified professionals
  • Notification to the dog owner about the investigation

During serious incidents, authorities can immediately confiscate the dog for quarantine. The quarantine period typically lasts 10 days in a secure facility under veterinary supervision. This allows officials to:

  • Monitor the dog’s health and behavior
  • Protect public safety
  • Collect evidence for the dangerous dog classification
  • Evaluate the need for additional restrictions

The owner must comply with strict containment requirements during this period. These measures help ensure public safety while authorities complete their investigation and make final determinations about the dog’s status.

Who Is Affected by the $100K Insurance Requirement?

The $100,000 liability insurance requirement affects all Florida dog owners whose pets have been officially classified as dangerous. This mandate applies to:

  • Current owners of dangerous dogs
  • New owners who are acquiring dogs with dangerous classifications
  • Owners whose dogs receive dangerous classifications in the future

The law doesn’t discriminate based on the length of ownership or the circumstances of classification. Pet owners must secure this coverage immediately after their dog receives a dangerous designation.

Specific penalties await those who fail to maintain proper insurance coverage:

  • Fines up to $500 per violation
  • Potential criminal charges for repeat offenses
  • Civil liability for any damages caused by the dog
  • Possible confiscation of the animal

The insurance requirement creates significant financial obligations for affected owners. The annual premiums for dangerous dog liability coverage can range from $500 to $1,500, depending on factors like:

  • The dog’s specific history
  • Owner’s location
  • Previous incidents
  • Insurance provider’s risk assessment

Pet owners should note that standard homeowner’s insurance policies don’t typically cover dangerous dogs. A separate policy or special rider is needed to meet the legal requirements.

The “Pamela Jane Rock Act”

The tragic death of Pamela Jane Rock sparked significant changes in Florida’s dangerous dog regulations. On August 21, 2022, five dogs attacked the 61-year-old postal worker in rural Putnam County while she delivered mail along her route.

This devastating incident led Florida lawmakers to create stricter regulations for dangerous dog ownership. The Pamela Jane Rock Act mandates liability insurance coverage and enhances safety measures to prevent similar tragedies.

Key provisions of the Act include:

  • Mandatory $100,000 liability insurance for dangerous dog owners
  • Strict containment requirements for dangerous dogs
  • Enhanced penalties for non-compliant owners
  • Regular inspections of dangerous dog enclosures

The Act represents Florida’s commitment to protecting postal workers, delivery personnel, and the general public from dangerous dogs. Ms. Rock’s death highlighted critical gaps in existing regulations and prompted immediate legislative action to prevent future incidents.

What Florida’s New Dog Insurance Law Means for Victims

Florida’s mandatory insurance law brings significant changes for dog bite victims. The $100,000 liability coverage requirement creates a direct path to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

Before this law, many victims faced challenges collecting damages from dog owners who lacked financial resources. The new insurance mandate eliminates this barrier by ensuring a reliable source of compensation.

Key benefits for victims include:

  • Immediate access to funds for emergency medical treatment
  • Coverage for long-term rehabilitation costs
  • Compensation for psychological trauma and counseling
  • Protection against the owner’s bankruptcy or inability to pay

The insurance requirement also speeds up the claims process. Rather than pursuing lengthy legal battles against individual owners, victims can work directly with insurance companies to receive compensation.

This law puts victims’ needs first by creating a safety net of financial protection. Dog bite survivors can focus on their recovery, knowing there’s a guaranteed source of compensation for their injuries.

Filing a Personal Injury Claim Related to Dangerous Dogs in Florida

Filing a personal injury claim after a dog attack requires specific documentation and adherence to Florida’s legal procedures. The claim must be filed within four years from the date of the incident.

Key elements needed for your claim include:

  • Medical records detailing injuries and treatments
  • Photos of injuries and the incident scene
  • Witness statements and contact information
  • Animal control or police reports
  • Documentation of lost wages and other expenses
  • Proof of the dog’s dangerous classification

Your claim should demonstrate the dog owner’s negligence and liability under Florida law. This includes showing the owner knew about their dog’s dangerous tendencies or failed to comply with insurance requirements.

Gathering strong evidence strengthens your position:

  • Keep a detailed journal of your recovery process
  • Save all medical bills and receipts
  • Document any communication with the dog owner
  • Preserve torn or bloodied clothing from the attack
  • Take photos of the location where the incident occurred

The complexity of dangerous dog claims demands legal expertise. An experienced attorney can:

  • Assess the full value of your damages
  • Handle insurance company negotiations
  • Ensure compliance with Florida’s dog bite statutes
  • Protect your rights throughout the legal process
  • Build a compelling case based on evidence

Importance of Expert Guidance from a Florida Dog Bite Attorney

A Florida dog bite attorney brings essential expertise to navigate the intricate legal landscape of dangerous dog cases. These specialized attorneys understand Florida’s unique dog bite statutes and can interpret how recent insurance requirements affect your case.

Your Florida dog bite attorney will:

  • Analyze evidence and build a strong case strategy
  • Handle communications with insurance companies
  • Calculate fair compensation for medical bills and damages
  • Protect your legal rights throughout the claims process
  • Meet critical filing deadlines and legal requirements

A skilled Florida dog bite attorney knows how to counter common defense tactics used by dog owners and their insurance companies. They can identify attempts to minimize injuries or shift blame to the victim.

The expertise of a Florida dog bite attorney becomes particularly valuable when:

  • Multiple parties share liability
  • Insurance companies dispute coverage
  • Injuries require long-term medical care
  • The dog’s dangerous status is contested
  • Complex documentation needs verification

A Florida dog bite attorney will also assess whether the dog owner complied with mandatory insurance requirements. This evaluation helps determine available compensation sources for your injuries.

Your Florida dog bite attorney serves as your advocate, ensuring your voice is heard and your interests are protected. They’ll work to secure the maximum compensation possible while you focus on recovery.

Reach Out to Our Firm for a Free Consultation

We’ve helped countless Florida families navigate the complexities of dog bite cases. Our track record speaks for itself – we’ve secured millions in compensation for dog attack victims across the state.

Your case deserves personalized attention from experienced attorneys who understand Florida’s new dangerous dog insurance requirements. We offer:

  • Free initial consultations to evaluate your case
  • Direct access to our senior attorneys throughout your case
  • No fees unless we win compensation for you
  • 24/7 availability to answer your questions

Our deep knowledge of Florida’s dangerous dog laws, including the new insurance requirements, allows us to build strong cases for our clients. We handle all aspects of your claim while you focus on recovery.

Don’t face the aftermath of a dog attack alone. Let our experienced legal team protect your rights and fight for the compensation you deserve.

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation. Time limits apply to dog bite claims in Florida. The sooner you reach out, the better we can help protect your interests.

The post Florida Now Requires 100k of Insurance for Dangerous Dogs appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Subrogation Lawsuit by Auto Club South Settled for $3500 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/subrogation-lawsuit-by-auto-club-south-settled-for-3500/ Mon, 23 Jun 2025 14:08:36 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21791 Facts: My client caused an accident a few years ago. He did not carry Bodily Injury Coverage. Auto Club South was the insurance company for the other driver who was injured in the accident. Auto Club South paid that person $10,000 for their injuries. Auto Club South then asserted its subrogation rights. It stepped into […]

The post Subrogation Lawsuit by Auto Club South Settled for $3500 appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Facts:

My client caused an accident a few years ago. He did not carry Bodily Injury Coverage. Auto Club South was the insurance company for the other driver who was injured in the accident. Auto Club South paid that person $10,000 for their injuries. Auto Club South then asserted its subrogation rights. It stepped into the shoes of the other driver and sued my client to get back the $10,000 it had paid out. This is becoming an increasingly more common type of lawsuit as insurance companies are trying to make/save more money.

My client hired me to handle the case. From the start, we agreed that I would negotiate the payout for him to as little as possible.

The Case:

I have handled many subrogation lawsuits over my career. I had my client fill out a notarized financial affidavit showing all of his assets. The reason why I do this is to show the insurance company that even if they win the lawsuit, they may never collect the full amount of their judgment.

The Result:

I was able to negotiate with the lawyer for Auto Owners South and reach a settlement of $3500. The money was paid in a lump sum balance and the lawsuit was dismissed. My client was happy to be done with the lawsuit and that he saved money.

The post Subrogation Lawsuit by Auto Club South Settled for $3500 appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Why is Uninsured Motorist Coverage Necessary in Florida? https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/why-is-uninsured-motorist-coverage-necessary-in-florida/ Thu, 19 Jun 2025 13:05:46 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21618 If you have been in an auto accident and there isn’t enough insurance, you realize how unfair our Florida insurance system is.

The post Why is Uninsured Motorist Coverage Necessary in Florida? appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
If you have been in an auto accident and there isn’t enough insurance, you realize how unfair our Florida insurance system is. The scary thing is that our clients who have been in one accident, are likely to be in others. The odds are just against all of us Florida motorists. We once represented a woman who was rear-ended three times in one year alone!

As experienced Florida car accident attorneys, we’ve seen countless cases where uninsured motorist (UM) coverage made the difference between financial recovery and devastating losses.

We’ve witnessed clients get stuck with medical bills and lost wages after accidents with drivers who did not have insurance or enough insurance. Without UM coverage, many struggle to be made whole.

Uninsured/underinsured coverage steps in when the at-fault driver lacks insurance or carries insufficient coverage.

If you have been in an accident, please call your insurance company and add UM coverage to your policy. We promise that it will be worth it!

The Benefits of UM Coverage

Benefits of UM coverage include:

  • Protection against uninsured and underinsured drivers
  • Coverage for medical expenses beyond PIP and health insurance limits
  • Compensation for lost wages and pain and suffering
  • Protection in hit-and-run accidents

The decision to carry UM coverage can directly impact your ability to file a successful personal injury claim.

Don’t wait until it’s too late. Understanding your UM coverage options now can protect your rights and financial future after an accident.

Understanding Uninsured Motorist (UM) Coverage in Florida

Uninsured motorist coverage steps in when you’re hurt by a driver who lacks insurance or has insufficient coverage.

Your UM policy can help cover:

  • Medical bills and ongoing treatment costs
  • Lost wages
  • Pain and suffering compensation
  • Long-term disability expenses
  • Rehabilitation services

Many Florida drivers don’t realize that underinsured motorist coverage is part of their UM protection. It kicks in when the at-fault driver’s insurance falls short of covering your total damages.

As Florida car accident attorneys, we’ve seen UM coverage save clients from financial devastation. A single hospital stay can cost tens of thousands of dollars. Without UM protection, you’d have to pay these expenses out of pocket when hit by an uninsured driver.

UM coverage acts as your safety net where many drivers carry minimal insurance or none at all.

The High Rate of Uninsured Drivers in Florida

Florida has one of the highest percentages of uninsured drivers in the country, and that number keeps rising. Recent studies show that 1 in 5 Florida drivers operate vehicles without insurance coverage. Additionally, over a third of Florida drivers are classified as being underinsured. This means that while they do carry some level of insurance, it is often insufficient to cover the full extent of damages in the event of a serious accident.

Research proves the risk of being involved in an accident with an uninsured driver in Florida is significant.

Risks Faced by Drivers Without UM Coverage

Drivers without UM coverage face these risks:

  • Out-of-pocket medical expenses
  • Lost wages
  • Future medical expenses
  • Future loss of earning potential

A Florida car accident attorney sees these scenarios play out daily. We’ve witnessed clients struggle with mounting medical bills and lost income when they lack UM coverage after an accident with an uninsured driver. The financial burden can be catastrophic, especially for families living paycheck to paycheck.

How Florida’s No-Fault Insurance is Different from UM

Florida’s no-fault insurance system requires drivers to carry Personal Injury Protection (PIP) coverage of at least $10,000. This coverage pays for your medical bills and lost wages after a crash, regardless of who caused the accident.

Limitations of PIP Coverage

PIP coverage comes with strict limitations:

  • Only covers 80% of medical expenses
  • Pays just 60% of lost wages
  • $10,000 maximum benefit limit
  • Must seek treatment within 14 days
  • No compensation for pain and suffering

These restrictions create significant gaps in coverage. A single emergency room visit can quickly exhaust your PIP benefits, leaving you responsible for the remaining costs. Serious injuries often result in medical bills far exceeding the $10,000 limit.

The Importance of Uninsured Motorist Coverage

That’s where Uninsured Motorist coverage becomes essential. UM coverage steps in when your medical costs surpass PIP limits after an accident with an uninsured driver. It provides vital protection against catastrophic injuries that could otherwise lead to financial devastation.

Additional Benefits of Having Uninsured Motorist Coverage

Hit-and-run accidents create unique challenges for victims seeking compensation. UM coverage steps in as a crucial safety net when the at-fault driver flees the scene.

Your UM policy acts as a silent guardian in these scenarios:

  • Covers medical expenses when the hit-and-run driver can’t be located
  • Protects you if the at-fault driver’s identity remains unknown
  • Provides compensation even if the accident occurs outside your vehicle as a pedestrian

The psychological value of UM coverage can’t be understated. Many of our clients express relief knowing they won’t face devastating medical bills or lost income alone. This peace of mind extends to your entire family, ensuring everyone’s financial security after an accident.

UM coverage proves especially vital for:

  • Families with children who depend on the primary earner’s income
  • Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions
  • Anyone who can’t afford extended time away from work
  • Those with limited savings or healthcare coverage

Cost vs. Benefit Analysis of Uninsured Motorist Coverage in Florida

Adding UM coverage to your auto policy in Florida costs between $20 and $ 40 per month on average. This small investment can save you from devastating financial consequences in the event of an accident with an uninsured driver.

Why Guidance from a Florida Car Accident Attorney Matters When Dealing with UM Claims

Handling UM claims requires knowledge of Florida’s complex insurance laws and regulations. Insurance companies often deploy tactics to minimize payouts, making it crucial to have experienced legal representation on your side.

A qualified Florida car accident attorney brings essential guidance to your UM claim:

  • Understanding of Policy Language – We identify hidden coverage limitations and exclusions that could affect your claim
  • Expert Negotiation Skills – We counter insurance company tactics designed to reduce or deny compensation
  • Accurate Damage Assessment – We calculate the true value of your losses, including future medical needs
  • Evidence Collection – We gather and preserve critical documentation to support your claim

Our expertise also extends to maximizing the financial outcomes of car accident claims. For instance, we know how to navigate the complexities of getting the most money from a car accident, ensuring you receive fair compensation for your losses.

Contact Our Experienced Team for a Free Consultation

Don’t let an uninsured motorist accident disrupt your life. Our dedicated Florida car accident attorneys are ready to protect your rights and secure the compensation you deserve.

We’ve helped many clients navigate complex UM claims with proven results:

  • Free initial consultation to evaluate your case
  • 65+ years of experience handling uninsured motorist claims
  • Strong track record of maximizing settlements for our clients
  • Direct access to skilled Florida car accident attorneys who prioritize your needs

Take the first step toward peace of mind. Contact us now to schedule your free case evaluation. Our team will listen to your story, answer your questions, and create a strategic plan to pursue your claim.

Let’s work together to protect your rights and future after an uninsured motorist accident.

The post Why is Uninsured Motorist Coverage Necessary in Florida? appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
How to Get Out of a Bad Business Partnership Without a Lawsuit https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/how-to-get-out-of-a-bad-business-partnership-without-a-lawsuit/ Thu, 29 May 2025 20:04:51 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21600 Business partnerships can turn sour for countless reasons. Misaligned goals, financial disputes, or poor communication often spark tension.

The post How to Get Out of a Bad Business Partnership Without a Lawsuit appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Business partnerships can turn sour for countless reasons. Misaligned goals, financial disputes, or communication breakdowns often spark tension between partners. When these issues arise, many business owners rush to file lawsuits – but that’s rarely the best solution.

Lawsuits drain resources, damage relationships, and can destroy the business you’ve worked hard to build. Legal battles typically cost $50,000-$100,000+ and drag on for months or years. They also create toxic environments that drive away customers and employees.

However, there are better alternatives. For instance, business litigation lawyers can help resolve partnership conflicts without resorting to court. We’ve helped hundreds of Florida business owners navigate partnership exits peacefully. Here’s what we’ve learned: amicable solutions protect everyone’s interests.

Key benefits of avoiding litigation include:

  • Preserving business value and reputation
  • Maintaining professional relationships
  • Saving significant time and money
  • Reducing stress and emotional strain
  • Keeping exit details private

Smart exit strategies focus on negotiation, mediation, and creative solutions that work for both parties. With proper planning and guidance, you can end your partnership while protecting your interests and avoiding costly court battles.

Understanding the Challenges of Bad Business Partnerships

Bad business partnerships can create deep-rooted tensions that affect both personal relationships and business operations. We’ve seen countless cases where partners stop communicating effectively, leading to missed opportunities and stalled growth.

Complexity of Working with Family or Friends

Working with family members or close friends adds extra layers of complexity to partnership disputes. The line between professional and personal relationships becomes blurred, making it harder to address business issues objectively. Personal history and emotional attachments can cloud judgment and prevent rational decision-making.

Roadblocks to Business Success

A struggling partnership creates several roadblocks to business success:

  • Delayed decision-making due to constant disagreements
  • Reduced productivity from team members sensing tension
  • Missed market opportunities while partners remain gridlocked
  • Damaged relationships with clients and vendors
  • Financial strain from poor resource management

Emotional Toll of a Failing Partnership

The emotional toll of a failing partnership often manifests as:

  • Growing resentment between partners
  • Loss of trust and transparency
  • Stress-induced health issues
  • Strained family relationships
  • Professional reputation damage

These challenges can paralyze a business’s growth potential and drain its resources. The longer partners remain in conflict, the more difficult it becomes to preserve value and maintain healthy business operations.

Reviewing and Analyzing Partnership Agreements

A thorough review of your partnership agreement reveals critical paths for a peaceful exit. These legally binding documents often contain specific provisions for partner departures and conflict resolution.

Your partnership agreement should outline:

  • Asset division procedures
  • Buyout terms and conditions
  • Dispute resolution methods
  • Partner responsibilities and rights
  • Valuation formulas for business interests

Many agreements include buyout clauses with predetermined terms for purchasing a partner’s share, as outlined in Sección 620.8701 del Código de Florida governing dissociated partner interests.

The asset division process requires careful attention to both tangible and intangible assets. Tangible assets include equipment, inventory, and real estate. Intangible assets cover intellectual property, client lists, and goodwill.

We’ve seen partners discover viable exit strategies hidden within their agreements. A recent client found a forgotten clause allowing for a structured buyout with favorable payment terms. This discovery led to a smooth transition without legal action.

Consider having a business attorney review your agreement. They can identify provisions that protect your interests and suggest negotiation strategies based on your specific situation.

Negotiating Buyouts for an Amicable Exit

A buyout offers a clean break from a struggling partnership. We’ve guided numerous clients through successful buyout negotiations that protect both parties’ interests.

Determining Fair Market Value

The first step involves determining a fair market value for the departing partner’s share. Consider these key factors:

  • Current business assets and liabilities
  • Future revenue projections
  • Intellectual property value
  • Client relationships and contracts
  • Brand recognition and goodwill

Structuring Payment Terms

Structuring the buyout payment terms requires careful planning. A lump sum payment might work for some, while others benefit from installment plans spread over time. We often recommend including:

  • Clear payment schedules
  • Interest rates on installments
  • Security agreements
  • Non-compete clauses
  • Confidentiality provisions

Saving Time and Money

A well-negotiated buyout saves substantial time and money compared to litigation. Our clients typically spend 70% less through buyouts versus lawsuits. The process also preserves business relationships and reputation.

Addressing Potential Disputes

The buyout agreement should address potential disputes and include mechanisms for resolution. Adding specific valuation methods and dispute resolution procedures helps prevent future conflicts.

Strengthening Your Position

Working with a qualified business appraiser strengthens your negotiating position. Their independent valuation provides a solid foundation for discussions and helps both parties reach fair terms.

Achieving Amicable Dissolution of the Partnership

A peaceful partnership dissolution starts with clear, written agreements. Both partners must outline specific terms for:

  • Asset division and distribution
  • Client relationship management
  • Employee transitions
  • Intellectual property rights
  • Business name usage

Handling existing debts and contracts requires careful attention. Create a detailed list of all financial obligations and ongoing agreements. Each partner should agree on:

  • Payment responsibilities for outstanding debts
  • Contract transfer or termination procedures
  • Timeline for debt settlement
  • Division of future income streams

In Florida, partnerships must comply with legal requirements, including Florida Statutes § 620.8801, which lists events that trigger partnership dissolution and winding up:

  • Filing dissolution paperwork with state authorities
  • Notifying creditors and business partners
  • Settling tax obligations
  • Maintaining proper documentation

A structured dissolution plan prevents disputes. Create milestones with realistic deadlines for each phase to keep parties accountable and maintain professional relationships during the transition.

Mediation Services and Legal Counsel for a Smooth Exit Process

A neutral third-party mediator can transform hostile partnership dissolutions into productive discussions. Mediation creates a safe space for both parties to voice concerns and explore solutions without the pressure of litigation. It’s one of the 10 ways to avoid and resolve partnership disputes that can save a business from potential turmoil.

Professional mediators guide partners through:

  • Asset division negotiations
  • Debt allocation agreements
  • Client transition plans
  • Intellectual property rights

Legal counsel plays a vital role beyond basic documentation. Your Florida business attorney acts as a strategic advisor, identifying potential pitfalls and protecting your interests throughout the exit process.

A skilled business lawyer will:

  • Review proposed settlement terms
  • Draft binding exit agreements
  • Ensure regulatory compliance
  • Structure liability protections

Combining mediation and legal counsel often results in faster, less costly resolutions. Your attorney can collaborate with the mediator to create solutions while ensuring legal protection.

Many Florida business attorneys offer pre-mediation consultations so you can enter mediation with clear goals and an understanding of your legal standing. The right legal team guides you through complex negotiations while preserving key business relationships.

Emotional Detachment and Clarity in Decision-Making Post-Exit

Exiting a business partnership requires a clear mind and emotional distance. We’ve seen many clients struggle with personal feelings clouding their judgment during this critical phase.

Here’s what we recommend for maintaining emotional clarity:

  • Set Clear Boundaries: Create physical and mental space from your partner during negotiations
  • Document Everything: Keep detailed records of all interactions and decisions
  • Focus on Facts: Base decisions on business metrics rather than emotional responses
  • Establish Support Systems: Build a network of trusted advisors outside the partnership

Your desired outcomes should align with your personal and professional growth. Ask yourself these key questions:

  • What does success look like after the exit?
  • Which business aspects do you want to maintain or let go?
  • How will this decision impact your future ventures?

Prioritize your mental well-being. Successful entrepreneurs see partnership exits as opportunities. A strategic mindset aids in finding new ventures and connections. Clients have launched solo enterprises or formed better partnerships post-exit.

Exploring Alternative Arrangements for Transition

Creative solutions can turn a tough partnership exit into a win-win. Royalty agreements offer a practical alternative to traditional buyouts, benefiting both parties from future success.

A royalty-based transition gives the departing partner ongoing payments based on revenue or profits, reducing the immediate financial burden on the remaining partner while fairly compensating the departing partner.

Here’s how alternative arrangements can work:

  • Royalty Payments: Set up a percentage-based payment structure tied to specific metrics like gross sales or net profits
  • Structured Payouts: Create a gradual ownership transfer with defined payment milestones
  • Advisory Roles: Convert partnership stakes into consulting positions with performance-based compensation

Delegating key decisions to neutral third parties can minimize friction during the transition period. A professional manager or advisory board can handle sensitive operational choices, keeping personal emotions separate from business decisions.

These alternative arrangements work best when both partners:

  • Maintain open communication channels
  • Set clear performance metrics
  • Document all agreement terms
  • Establish dispute resolution procedures
  • Define specific timeframes for the transition

Why Expert Guidance from a Florida Business Attorney Matters

A Florida business attorney’s expertise can make the difference between a smooth partnership exit and a costly legal battle. Our attorneys have guided countless business owners through complex partnership transitions while protecting their interests and assets.

Legal expertise brings critical advantages to your exit strategy:

  • Risk Assessment and Mitigation – We identify potential legal pitfalls before they become problems
  • Compliance Assurance – Your exit process stays aligned with Florida business laws and regulations
  • Document Review – Expert analysis of agreements reveals hidden obligations or opportunities
  • Strategic Planning – We help structure the exit to maximize benefits and minimize tax implications
  • Negotiation Support – Professional representation strengthens your position in discussions

A skilled business attorney advocates for you through the exit process, anticipating challenges and creating solutions to protect your interests. They structure agreements to prevent disputes and maintain professional relationships, preserving business value and goodwill during the transition.

Contact Our Firm for a Free Consultation

Our law firm has guided many business partners through successful exits without lawsuits. We understand that ending a partnership can be sensitive, so we work hard to protect your interests while keeping professional relationships intact.

Don’t let partnership issues stress you out. Schedule a free consultation with our experienced attorneys to discuss your situation. We’ll help you:

  1. Create a strategic exit plan tailored to your needs
  2. Navigate complex buyout negotiations
  3. Protect your business interests and assets
  4. Maintain valuable professional relationships

We’ve helped business partners across Florida separate amicably without going to court. Let us use our knowledge and experience to assist you.

The post How to Get Out of a Bad Business Partnership Without a Lawsuit appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
What is the Status of Non-Compete Agreements Law in 2025 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/what-is-the-status-of-non-compete-agreements-law-in-2025/ Tue, 20 May 2025 21:22:54 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21563 Non-compete agreements are changing fast in 2025. These contracts used to be standard in many jobs.

The post What is the Status of Non-Compete Agreements Law in 2025 appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Non-compete agreements are changing fast in 2025. These contracts used to be standard in many jobs. Now, they face tough restrictions and growing legal challenges.

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., we’ve seen these changes firsthand. As experienced Florida business attorneys, we help both employers and employees navigate this shifting landscape.

Understanding your rights under current non-compete laws is more important than ever. Here’s what you need to know.

What Are Non-Compete Agreements?

A non-compete agreement is a contract. It stops someone from working for a competitor or starting a similar business for a set time after leaving a job.

These agreements are meant to protect business interests like:

  • Trade secrets
  • Customer relationships
  • Company training and investments
  • Business goodwill

But in 2025, non-compete laws are facing more limits than ever before. Courts are looking at them more closely. Lawmakers are adding protections for workers.

Why Are Non-Compete Laws Changing?

More people are speaking out against unfair restrictions. Workers want the freedom to change jobs or start their own businesses. Employers want to keep their investments safe, but there’s a balance to strike.

As Florida business attorneys, we’ve helped many professionals stuck in unfair contracts. We’ve also guided business owners who need to protect their client base and confidential information.

That’s why the law is evolving. The goal is to protect both sides fairly.

What’s Happening at the Federal Level?

In 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed a nationwide ban on non-compete agreements. The idea was to increase worker freedom and market competition.

But legal challenges slowed the plan. In early 2025, a court issued an injunction that paused the FTC’s rule. So, for now, non-compete laws remain up to each state.

The Department of Justice and the Biden administration also keep pushing to limit these contracts. They’ve flagged non-competes as harmful to innovation and job growth.

You can read more about the FTC’s rule proposal here.

What Florida Law Says About Non-Competes

Florida still allows non-compete agreements, but with rules. The agreement must:

  • Protect a legitimate business interest
  • Be reasonable in time, area, and scope
  • Not be overly broad or unfair to the employee

Examples of legitimate business interests in Florida include:

  • Specialized training paid for by the employer
  • Client lists or key customer relationships
  • Confidential information not known to the public

Florida courts often uphold non-competes if these conditions are met. But we’ve seen cases fall apart when employers push the limits.

If you’re an employer, we can help you draft an enforceable contract. If you’re an employee, we’ll help you understand what your agreement really means.

You can also explore more about our employment law practice and how we support both sides.

The Role of Consideration in Florida Non-Competes

In Florida, there must be “consideration” for a non-compete to be valid. That means the employee must receive something in exchange. For new hires, the job offer usually counts.

For current employees, the employer may need to offer a promotion, raise, or bonus. Without proper consideration, the non-compete may not be enforceable.

We help businesses ensure their agreements meet this standard. We also help workers who signed non-competes without receiving anything in return.

How Long Can a Florida Non-Compete Last?

Florida courts look at how long a non-compete lasts. In most cases, six months to two years is considered reasonable.

Longer time limits can raise red flags. Courts often strike down contracts that go too far. We’ve seen many employers lose cases because their agreements were too strict.

Our team works with clients to set time limits that are fair, legal, and enforceable.

What Areas Can Be Restricted?

Geographic restrictions must also be reasonable. For example, a Tampa-based business shouldn’t try to block a former employee from working anywhere in Florida or beyond—unless they truly operate in those areas.

The more narrowly tailored the area, the better. Courts prefer agreements that focus on where real business is done. We guide employers on how to define fair geographic boundaries.

Common Mistakes in Florida Non-Competes

Here are a few mistakes we often see:

  • Using a one-size-fits-all agreement for every employee
  • Failing to update contracts over time
  • Including vague or overly broad language
  • Not providing something of value in return for the agreement

Whether you’re writing your first agreement or reviewing an old one, we can help you avoid these traps.

Non-Solicitation vs. Non-Compete Agreements

Some employers may not need a full non-compete. A non-solicitation agreement may offer enough protection. This type of contract stops former employees from contacting your clients or staff.

Courts are more likely to enforce non-solicitation clauses than broad non-competes. They protect key relationships without blocking someone’s career path.

As Florida business attorneys, we help companies choose the right option for their needs.

Why This Matters to Job Seekers and Employees

Many professionals don’t realize they’ve signed a non-compete until it’s too late. Others are afraid to leave a job because of legal threats.

In 2025, employees need to be more aware than ever. Here’s what we recommend:

  • Ask for a copy of any contract before you sign
  • Don’t be afraid to ask questions about what’s included
  • Contact a Florida business attorney if you’re unsure what the agreement means

We’ve helped countless workers negotiate better terms or get out of unreasonable contracts.

We also help clients respond to cease-and-desist letters or lawsuits. Many times, we can resolve the issue without going to court. Quick legal action makes a big difference in these cases.

What Business Owners Need to Know

Employers still have tools to protect their business. But outdated or aggressive non-competes can do more harm than good.

Here’s what we advise employers in 2025:

  • Use clear, simple language in agreements
  • Focus restrictions on real risks, not just competition
  • Offer something of value in return for the agreement
  • Keep contracts updated to match new legal interpretations

We’ve worked with many Florida businesses to build strong agreements that stand up in court.

You can also read our guide to business law services to learn more about protecting your company.

What Courts Look for in 2025

In our experience, courts reviewing non-competes now ask:

  • Is the time limit reasonable?
  • Does the agreement cover too broad a geographic area?
  • Does it match the employee’s actual job duties?
  • Is the employer really protecting something important?

Florida courts are generally business-friendly, but they still require fairness. Vague or overly broad restrictions may not hold up. We’ve seen many agreements fail because the employer didn’t show real harm from the competition.

For a broader view of worker rights and employer obligations, check out this helpful resource by the Department of Labor.

Employee Best Practices

If you’re asked to sign a non-compete, consider:

  • Taking time to review the agreement
  • Asking for clarification on unclear terms
  • Consulting a Florida business attorney before signing

If you’re leaving a job and already bound by a non-compete:

  • Don’t ignore the contract
  • Avoid taking clients or using confidential info
  • Speak to an attorney before joining a competitor

We help clients evaluate the risks and respond with a smart plan. Being proactive can save you from costly mistakes later.

Why Expert Guidance From a Florida Business Attorney Matters

Non-compete laws are changing fast. Mistakes can cost your job or business.

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., we’ve been serving the Tampa Bay area since 1958. Our team of Florida business attorneys knows how to:

  • Review contracts quickly and clearly
  • Draft fair, enforceable non-competes
  • Fight for your rights in and out of court
  • Stay current on state and federal changes

We’ve handled hundreds of employment and business contract cases. Whether you’re an employee or employer, we’ll help you make smart legal decisions.

We work closely with clients to understand their goals and risks. Every case is different, so we tailor our advice to fit your needs. That’s what sets us apart.

Reach Out to Our Firm for a Free Consultation

If you’re unsure about a non-compete agreement, don’t wait. Get trusted legal advice today.

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., we offer free consultations for employment and business contract matters. Our attorneys will listen, answer your questions, and guide you through your next steps.

Our history of legal excellence spans more than 65 years. We’ve earned the trust of professionals, business owners, and families across Florida.

Contact us to schedule your consultation. We’re here to help you protect your rights and your future.

Let’s work together to find the best path forward for you or your business.

The post What is the Status of Non-Compete Agreements Law in 2025 appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
The Role of Dashcam Footage in Strengthening Your Accident Claim https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/the-role-of-dashcam-footage-in-strengthening-your-accident-claim/ Fri, 16 May 2025 20:52:55 +0000 https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/?p=21539 Dashcams are increasingly popular for a good reason—they provide clear documentation of road incidents. The footage captured by dashcams can significantly impact car accident claims. At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., our Florida car accident attorneys have witnessed firsthand the pivotal role of video evidence in securing rightful compensation for our clients. In the […]

The post The Role of Dashcam Footage in Strengthening Your Accident Claim appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Dashcams are increasingly popular for a good reason—they provide clear documentation of road incidents. The footage captured by dashcams can significantly impact car accident claims.

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., our Florida car accident attorneys have witnessed firsthand the pivotal role of video evidence in securing rightful compensation for our clients. In the following sections, we will delve into the functionality of dashcams, their effectiveness in aiding claims, and the importance of owning one.

What Is Dashcam Footage?

A dashcam is a small camera that mounts inside your car. It records the road ahead (and sometimes the rear or inside, too).

Many dashcams start recording automatically when the car is turned on. Some keep looping—recording over old footage unless you save it.

In an accident, this footage can capture:

  • Who had the right of way
  • Whether a driver ran a red light
  • Speed or road conditions
  • Behavior before or after the crash

Why Dashcam Video Matters in Florida Accidents

Florida’s Comparative Negligence Rule

Florida operates under acomparative negligence system with a modified rule. This implies that responsibility can be divided among drivers. Even if the other driver bears most of the blame, your compensation may decrease if you also share some fault.

The Power of Dashcam Footage

Dashcam footage holds significant weight in such situations. It provides an impartial record of the events, offering concrete evidence to support your version of the incident.

Dashcams Provide Clear Evidence

Dashcam footage can:

  • Disprove false statements
  • Back up your version of events
  • Show weather, traffic, and lighting conditions
  • Confirm sudden stops or swerving

This kind of evidence is hard to ignore—and it’s much better than relying on memory or witness accounts.

What It Means to File a Car Accident Claim

Filing a Car Accident Claim

When you file a car accident claim, you formally request an insurance company to cover your losses. This process involves either your insurer or the other driver’s policy, determined by fault and coverage.

It’s essential to differentiate a claim from a lawsuit initially. It’s a step where you provide evidence of your injuries, property damage, and expenses. Subsequently, the insurance company assesses your case and presents an offer. Engaging a Florida car accident attorney can guarantee that the offer is just and mirrors the true consequences of the collision.

What Damages Can You Recover After a Crash?

When filing a claim, you are seeking to be fully compensated for all the ways the accident has impacted your life. Common damages include:

  • Medical bills and future treatment
  • Lost wages or reduced earning ability
  • Damage to your vehicle or other property
  • Pain and suffering
  • Emotional distress or mental anguish

In more serious cases, you may also recover for permanent injury or long-term disability. If someone else caused your injuries, you shouldn’t have to shoulder the cost alone.

Evidence We Use to Support Your Claim

We build strong claims using:

  • Photos
  • Witness statements
  • Police reports
  • Expert analysis
  • Security camera footage from nearby businesses
  • Traffic camera footage, if available

Sometimes even a bystander’s phone video can help. Our team works quickly to gather every possible source of proof.

If you were involved in a crash and don’t have dashcam footage, we’ll explore every other option to prove your case.

When Dashcam Footage Can Strengthen a Claim

Not all video evidence is equally helpful. However, in many situations, dashcam footage can significantly strengthen a claim.

Common Scenarios Where Dashcams Help:

  • Rear-end collisions: Shows who hit who and when.
  • Intersection crashes: Proves who had the green light.
  • Swerving or lane departures: Shows unsafe driving.
  • Road rage: Captures aggressive or threatening behavior.
  • Hit-and-runs: May show the other driver’s license plate.

If you’ve been injured in one of these incidents, a Florida car accident attorney can assist you in preserving and properly utilizing your footage.

Can Dashcam Footage Be Used in Court?

Florida courts accept dashcam footage as evidence if it is relevant and unaltered.

To use it, you need to:

  • Save the footage as soon as possible
  • Keep the original file (not just a copy)
  • Show that the footage came from your car

Your Florida car accident attorney can help make sure the video is admissible.

Should You Install a Dashcam?

We believe it’s a wise decision. Dashcams are inexpensive, simple to operate, and can be invaluable when insurance claims come up. If you are an Uber, Lyft, delivery person, or professional driver, they should be part of your vehicle.

Here’s why we recommend them:

  • Accidents happen when you least expect it
  • Not everyone tells the truth after a crash
  • Video clears up confusion and false claims

Dashcams for Florida Drivers

Florida drivers can receive insurance discounts by installing a dashcam in their vehicles. When choosing a dashcam, consider popular models such as the Garmin Dash Cam Mini 2, Nextbase 522GW, or Vantrue N4. These models are priced between $80 and $250, providing features like loop recording, GPS, and cloud backups.

For more help choosing, check out this consumer report on dashcams.

How to Protect and Save Your Footage

After an accident, every second counts. Most dashcams have a feature that automatically overwrites older recordings after a certain period of time, typically within a few hours or days.

To ensure that your important footage is preserved, follow these steps:

  • Remove the memory card or save the file immediately: If your dashcam uses a memory card, take it out as soon as possible. Alternatively, if your dashcam has a built-in storage option, make sure to save the file right away.
  • Back it up to your computer or cloud storage: Connect the memory card to your computer and transfer the files to a safe location. If you prefer cloud storage, upload the footage to a reliable service.
  • Inform your attorney about the video: If you’re involved in any legal proceedings related to the crash, notify your attorney that you have video evidence.

If your dashcam comes with a mobile app, make use of it to lock the file and prevent automatic deletion.

What About Privacy Laws?

Florida allows dashcam recording in public spaces. However, it’s illegal to record someone’s private conversation without their consent.

That means you can record the road, but don’t turn your dashcam into a spy cam.

What If You Don’t Have a Dashcam?

Don’t worry. Dashcam footage is helpful, but it’s not the only kind of evidence.

We build strong claims using:

  • Photos
  • Witness statements
  • Police reports
  • Expert analysis
  • Security camera footage from nearby businesses
  • Traffic camera footage, if available

Utilizing Video Evidence

When it comes to gathering evidence, a bystander’s phone video can be invaluable. Our team diligently collects all available proof to strengthen your case.

Video evidence not only enhances clarity but also expedites the investigation process. In situations where dashcam footage is unavailable following an accident, rest assured that we will exhaust all alternative avenues to support your claim.

Why You Need an Attorney’s Help

Dealing with a car accident claim, even with dashcam footage, can be complex. Insurance companies have been known to minimize the importance of video evidence or use it to your disadvantage.

How We Can Help

At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., our Florida car accident attorneys are skilled in:

  • Analyze dashcam footage
  • Present it persuasively
  • Fight lowball offers
  • Help you avoid legal missteps

We also know Florida’s accident laws inside and out. We’ve handled countless cases involving video evidence, and we know how to use it effectively.

Contact Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A. for a Free Consultation

If you’ve been in a crash and have dashcam footage—or wish you did—we can help.

Our team of Florida car accident attorneys has decades of experience. We’ve recovered millions for accident victims across the state. We’re known for honest advice, strong negotiation, and personalized support.

We don’t charge unless we win. And your consultation is always free.

Reach out today to schedule your free consultation. Let us review your case, your footage, and your options.

The post The Role of Dashcam Footage in Strengthening Your Accident Claim appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
How to Hold Bad Contractors Accountable After They Walk Away https://www.stpetlawgroup.site/how-to-hold-bad-contractors-accountable-after-they-walk-away/ Fri, 25 Apr 2025 20:54:37 +0000 https://stpetelawgroup.com/?p=21219 Dealing with a contractor who walks away from a project can leave homeowners feeling frustrated and financially strained.

The post How to Hold Bad Contractors Accountable After They Walk Away appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>
Updated April 25, 2025 by Alec Waid

Dealing with a contractor who walks away from a project can leave homeowners feeling frustrated and financially strained. Whether the issue is incomplete work, substandard craftsmanship, or unexpected costs, knowing your rights and understanding the proper steps can help you hold the contractor accountable and protect your investment. At Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., our Florida litigation attorneys have guided countless clients through these challenges. Here’s a comprehensive guide to resolving disputes with bad contractors. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/G3_-R7RjwFE

Common Issues With Bad Contractors

When a contractor abandons a project, homeowners often face a range of complications:
  • Incomplete Work: You may be left with a half-finished project that disrupts your daily life or renders parts of your property unusable.
  • Poor Quality: Subpar work may require additional repairs or even a complete redo, increasing costs and delays.
  • Financial Losses: Paying for materials or services you didn’t receive can create significant financial burdens.
  • Delays: An unfinished project can derail timelines, especially for renovations tied to critical life events or business needs.
Understanding the steps to take when a contractor walks away can help minimize these challenges and set you on the path to resolution.

Common Red Flags When Hiring Contractors

Avoiding contractor disputes often starts with choosing the right professional. Be cautious of:
  • Reluctance to Provide References: Reputable contractors should have a list of satisfied clients.
  • Lack of Licensing or Insurance: Verify the contractor’s credentials with the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR).
  • Unclear Contracts: A poorly written contract may indicate inexperience or a lack of professionalism.
Taking the time to vet contractors before hiring can save you significant headaches down the line.

How to Handle Mechanic’s Liens Filed by Contractors

A mechanic’s lien is a legal claim that contractors or subcontractors can file against a property if they believe they weren’t paid for services or materials. Even when the contractor walks away or performs substandard work, they might attempt to file a lien, complicating your situation.

Steps to Address a Mechanic’s Lien

  1. Verify the Lien: Ensure the lien is legitimate. In Florida, contractors must meet specific requirements, such as providing proper notice before filing.
  2. Dispute the Lien: If the lien is invalid or unwarranted, you can file a formal contest to have it removed.
  3. Consult an Attorney: A Florida litigation attorney can help you navigate the complexities of disputing or negotiating the lien.
Mechanic’s liens can affect your ability to sell or refinance your property, so resolving them quickly is essential.

Step 1: Review Your Contract

Your construction contract is the foundation of your legal relationship with the contractor. Carefully review its terms to identify your rights and the contractor’s obligations.
  • Scope of Work: Does the contract detail the work to be performed?
  • Payment Terms: Are payments tied to specific milestones or progress markers?
  • Termination Clauses: Does the contract outline what happens if either party fails to fulfill their obligations?
  • Dispute Resolution: Does the contract specify mediation, arbitration, or litigation for resolving disputes?
If the contract is vague or missing key details, don’t panic. Legal remedies may still be available.

Step 2: Document Everything

Maintaining detailed records is crucial when dealing with contractor disputes. Compile the following:
  • Signed Contracts: Keep a copy of all agreements.
  • Payment Records: Save receipts, canceled checks, or bank statements showing payments made.
  • Photos of Incomplete Work: Document the current state of the project.
  • Communication Records: Retain emails, text messages, or voicemails between you and the contractor.
  • Witness Statements: If others witnessed interactions or project discussions, their accounts may be valuable.
The more evidence you have, the stronger your case will be if you need to escalate the issue.

Step 3: Seek Legal Assistance to Resolve the Issue

If your efforts to resolve the dispute directly with the contractor have been unsuccessful, it’s time to consult a Florida litigation attorney. An experienced attorney can bring legal expertise and authority to the negotiation process, often leading to faster and more effective resolutions.
  • Evaluate Your Case: Your attorney will review the contract, payment records, and any communications to assess the strength of your position.
  • Draft Formal Communications: A certified letter from an attorney outlining the problem and demanding a resolution can carry more weight than one sent by a homeowner.
  • Propose Mediation with Legal Support: An attorney can represent you in mediation, ensuring your interests are protected and guiding the discussion toward a fair compromise.
Contractors are often more likely to cooperate when faced with legal representation, but if they remain unresponsive or uncooperative, your attorney can advise you on the next steps, including formal legal action.

Step 4: File a Complaint

If direct communication fails, consider filing a formal complaint:
  • Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR): The DBPR investigates licensing violations and can impose penalties.
  • Better Business Bureau (BBB): Filing a complaint with the BBB may pressure the contractor to resolve the issue.
  • Consumer Protection Agencies: State and local agencies can provide additional resources or mediation services.
Complaints establish a formal record and may encourage the contractor to address your concerns.

Step 5: Hire a New Contractor

If the original contractor refuses to return, you may need to hire someone else to complete the work. To avoid repeating mistakes:
  • Verify Licensing and Insurance: Ensure the new contractor is properly credentialed.
  • Check References and Reviews: Speak with past clients to gauge reliability and quality.
  • Use a Detailed Contract: Clearly define the scope of work, payment terms, and deadlines.
Keep records of additional expenses to support your claim for damages against the original contractor.

Florida Laws Protecting Homeowners Against Bad Contractors

Florida has strict regulations designed to protect homeowners from dishonest contractors. These include:
  • Licensing Requirements: Contractors must be licensed to perform certain types of work.
  • Insurance Coverage: Contractors must carry liability insurance to protect clients from financial loss.
  • Building Code Compliance: Work must meet local and state building codes.
Understanding these laws can strengthen your position in a dispute.

When Mediation or Arbitration May Be the Right Option

Mediation and arbitration offer alternative ways to resolve contractor disputes without going to court.
  • Mediation: A neutral mediator helps both parties reach a mutually agreeable solution.
  • Arbitration: An arbitrator hears both sides and makes a binding decision.
These methods are often faster and less expensive than litigation.

Step 6: Pursue Legal Action

When all else fails, legal action may be necessary to recover your losses. A Florida litigation attorney can assist with:
  • Breach of Contract Claims: Recover payments made for incomplete or defective work.
  • Negligence Claims: Hold the contractor accountable for damages caused by poor workmanship.
  • Mechanic’s Lien Defense: Contest improperly filed liens that cloud your property title.
Litigation can ensure you receive compensation for financial losses and additional damages.

How to Recover Additional Damages

Beyond the cost of unfinished work, you may be entitled to additional damages, such as:
  • Emotional Distress: Compensation for the stress caused by the contractor’s actions.
  • Temporary Housing Costs: If incomplete work forces you to leave your home.
  • Legal Fees: Some cases allow for the recovery of attorney’s fees if you prevail.
An experienced attorney will identify all available avenues for compensation.

How Florida Litigation Attorneys Handle Contractor Disputes

Contractor disputes can be complex and frustrating, but experienced attorneys can guide homeowners toward fair resolutions. Here are hypothetical scenarios illustrating how attorneys at Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., could assist: Scenario 1: Recovering Funds for Unfinished Work Imagine a homeowner pays $60,000 upfront for a major kitchen renovation, but the contractor abandons the project halfway through. An attorney could help by reviewing the contract, documenting the incomplete work, and filing a breach of contract claim. Through negotiation or litigation, the homeowner might recover the full amount paid, plus damages for the inconvenience and delays caused. Scenario 2: Contesting an Improper Mechanic’s Lien Suppose a contractor files a mechanic’s lien against a property, claiming payment for work that was never completed or materials that were never delivered. An attorney could investigate the claim, identify violations of Florida lien laws, and file a motion to have the lien removed. This would allow the homeowner to clear the title and proceed with selling or refinancing their property. Scenario 3: Resolving Quality of Work Disputes A contractor completes a home addition, but the quality doesn’t meet professional standards, leaving the structure unsafe. An attorney could bring in expert witnesses, such as building inspectors, to provide evidence of substandard workmanship. By holding the contractor accountable, the homeowner might recover the costs of hiring a new contractor to fix the issues. Scenario 4: Mediation for Communication Breakdowns Sometimes disputes arise from miscommunication or unrealistic expectations. An attorney could act as a mediator, facilitating productive discussions between the homeowner and the contractor. This approach might lead to a resolution without the need for lengthy court proceedings. These scenarios highlight the critical role attorneys play in navigating contractor disputes. From legal expertise to strategic advocacy, the right attorney can help homeowners protect their rights and recover losses efficiently.

Why Expert Guidance from an Attorney Matters

Contractor disputes can be legally complex and emotionally draining. An experienced Florida litigation attorney can:
  • Evaluate Your Case: Review your contract, evidence, and options.
  • Handle Legal Proceedings: Manage complaints, filings, and court appearances.
  • Maximize Compensation: Recover financial losses and additional damages.
  • Protect Your Rights: Ensure you’re not taken advantage of by unscrupulous contractors.
With professional legal guidance, you can achieve a fair resolution and regain peace of mind.

Contact Us for a Free Consultation

If you’re dealing with a bad contractor, Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., is here to help. For over six decades, our firm has been a trusted name in Florida law, known for our professionalism, dedication, and outstanding results. Our experienced Florida litigation attorneys work tirelessly to resolve contractor disputes and protect homeowners’ rights. We approach each case with care and commitment, tailoring our strategies to fit your unique circumstances. With a legacy of excellence and a client-focused approach, we’re ready to guide you through the legal process, recover your losses, and ensure justice is served. Contact us today for a free consultation. Let Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A., help you take the first step toward resolution with confidence.

The post How to Hold Bad Contractors Accountable After They Walk Away appeared first on Battaglia, Ross, Dicus & McQuaid, P.A..

]]>